By: Dr. Lomonaco, MD.
Low blood sugar, or hypoglycemia, is one of the most common and important challenges for people living with diabetes. It happens when blood glucose drops too low, often below 70 mg/dL. While it can happen suddenly, knowing the signs and how to respond can help prevent a medical emergency.
Recognize the warning signs
Common symptoms include:
- ✔ Shaking or trembling
- ✔ Sweating
- ✔ Fast heartbeat
- ✔ Hunger
- ✔ Dizziness or headache
- ✔ Confusion, irritability, or trouble concentrating
If symptoms are severe, a person may become disoriented, unconscious, or have a seizure.
The "Rule of 15": A Simple Treatment Plan
If your blood sugar is low and you are awake and able to swallow safely:
- Take 15 grams of fast-acting carbohydrate, such as 4 glucose tablets, 4 oz of juice or regular soda, or 1 tablespoon of sugar or honey.
- Wait 15 minutes, then recheck your blood sugar.
- If it is still below 70 mg/dL, repeat the treatment.
- Once your blood sugar returns to normal, eat a small snack with protein and carbohydrates if your next meal is more than an hour away.
How to prevent low blood sugar
Hypoglycemia is often preventable. Here are a few key tips:
- ✔ Don’t skip meals, especially if you take insulin or certain diabetes medications.
- ✔ Monitor your blood sugar regularly, including before driving, exercising, or bedtime.
- ✔ Carry glucose tablets or a quick sugar source with you at all times.
- ✔ Review your medications with your healthcare provider if you’re having frequent lows.
- ✔ Be cautious with exercise and alcohol, both of which can lower blood sugar hours later.
A final thought
Hypoglycemia can feel frightening, but with preparation and a clear action plan, it can be managed safely and effectively. Talk with your diabetes care team about your personal target glucose range and whether you should keep a glucagon emergency kit at home.